The theoretical foundation of the concept of measurement in quantum mechanics is a contentious issue deeply connected to the many interpretations of quantum mechanics. Main article: Observer (quantum mechanics) In thermodynamics, a standard mercury-in-glass thermometer must absorb or give up some thermal energy to record a temperature, and therefore changes the temperature of the body which it is measuring.
Even a more passive device such as a current clamp, which measures the wire current without coming into physical contact with the wire, affects the current through the circuit being measured because the inductance is mutual.
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In electronics, ammeters and voltmeters are usually wired in series or parallel to the circuit, and so by their very presence affect the current or the voltage they are measuring by way of presenting an additional real or complex load to the circuit, thus changing the transfer function and behavior of the circuit itself. The measured momentum of the electron is then related to v x, whereas its momentum after the measurement is related to v′ x. X is velocity of particle after measurement, ħ is the reduced Planck constant. Δ p x is uncertainty in measured value of momentum, Δ t is duration of measurement, v x is velocity of particle before measurement, v ' A formula (one-dimensional for simplicity) relating involved quantities, due to Niels Bohr (1928) is given by In particular, a measurement of momentum is non-repeatable in short intervals of time. It is also necessary to distinguish clearly between the measured value of a quantity and the value resulting from the measurement process.
It is possible for other, less direct means of measurement to affect the electron. Īn electron is detected upon interaction with a photon this interaction will inevitably alter the velocity and momentum of that electron. The need for the "observer" to be conscious is not supported by scientific research, and has been pointed out as a misconception rooted in a poor understanding of the quantum wave function ψ and the quantum measurement process. Despite the "observer effect" in the double-slit experiment being caused by the presence of an electronic detector, the experiment's results have been misinterpreted by some to suggest that a conscious mind can directly affect reality. Physicists have found that observation of quantum phenomena can actually change the measured results of this experiment. This effect can be found in many domains of physics, but can usually be reduced to insignificance by using different instruments or observation techniques.Īn especially unusual version of the observer effect occurs in quantum mechanics, as best demonstrated by the double-slit experiment. While the effects of observation are often negligible, the object still experiences a change.
Similarly, it is not possible to see any object without light hitting the object, and causing it to reflect that light. A common example is checking the pressure in an automobile tire this is difficult to do without letting out some of the air, thus changing the pressure. This is often the result of instruments that, by necessity, alter the state of what they measure in some manner. Find out more about how we use cookies and how you can change your settings.In physics, the observer effect is the disturbance of an observed system by the act of observation. This website uses cookies to offer you a better browsing experience. If you receive an email claiming to sell an attendee list for a Linux Foundation event, please forward it to on this site are protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. We never sell attendee lists or contact information, nor do we authorize others to do so. ForĪ list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see our Trademark Usage page. Linux Foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks.
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